Dei E. Riddle
Slippery Rock University PHIL 490: Independent Study

Abstract

Rooted in the timeless adage “As Above, So Below,” this paper unfolds the philosophical, spiritual, and metaphysical dimensions inherent in the Hermetic tradition. Grounded in quantum mechanics, intentionality, Chalmers’ theory, and Spinoza’s Ethics, the proclamation that every substance is necessarily infinite resonates through the ages. This paper aligns this divine philosophy with physics, intentionality, and Chalmers’ extended mind theory, and explores the interconnectedness of consciousness, the environment, and the infinite substance. Simultaneously, it addresses the imperative shift from an egocentric to an ecocentric consciousness, emphasizing the ethical and environmental consequences of human behavior on the planet. The study underscores the profound importance of embracing this shift, not just for the present but for the well-being of the environment and the prosperity of future generations.

Keywords: Consciousness, Awareness, Ecocentrism, Extended Mind Theory, Spinoza, Ethics, Quantum Mechanics, Intentionality, Chalmers, Infinite Substance, Environmental Ethics, Sustainability, Interconnectedness, Holistic Perspective, Human Behavior, Future Generations, Ethical Considerations, Environmental Consequences, Quantum Reality, Mass-Energy Equivalence, Law of Conservation

Introduction:

The questions originating from the ancient Hermetic tradition, the phrase “As Above, So Below” serves as a gateway into the exploration of interconnectedness. “As Above, So Below” is an age-old adage that carries profound philosophical, spiritual, and metaphysical meanings. The phrase has been adopted and referenced by various spiritual movements, esoteric teachings, and even modern pop culture. (Freemasons, n.d.) Grounded in quantum mechanics and intentionality, this independent study seeks to understand how increasing our awareness can intentionally shape our experiences. (Searle.) The phrase captured my attention while studying quantum mechanics and comparing it with how intentionality plays a huge role in our conscious reality. By increasing one’s awareness we can intentionally change our experience. Through the years I began to increasingly gain a belief that everything is interconnected. That we as subjects experience our subjectivity through a web of intersubjectivity. This can affect our micro experiences to macro experiences. I began to learn and understand how this plays not only a part in the human role but also that our environment affects us, and we affect our environment—digging deeper to explore the psychological, spiritual, ethical, and environmental implications of the relationship of consciousness to the environment. If we become more aware of the implications of this relationship, we can raise our consciousness. Our actions are a result of our habits and by becoming aware of our habits we can choose to act differently. This paper consolidates my questions, forming a nuanced analysis and free-thinking experiment.

Background:

The study, initiated during the COVID-19 pandemic and continued in this independent study, intertwines personal experience and academic pursuits, transitioning from Mechanical Engineering and Physics to Philosophy. The rejection of questions by science professors redirected my focus toward philosophical and psychological inquiries, shaping the trajectory of my academic journey. The interdisciplinary approach, drawing from philosophy of mind, cognitive science, ecopsychology (Roszak, 1995), and deep ecology (Naess), lays the foundation for a free-thinking experiment that examines consciousness’s relationship with the environment.

The Independent study unfolds through my exploration of various philosophical approaches, including panpsychism and extended mind theory. Themes of Holism, incorporating God, Physics, Organicism, and Intentionality (Jacob, 2023), are examined. The investigation is driven by my desire to comprehend the psychological, spiritual, ethical, and environmental implications of the relationship between consciousness and the environment.

Definitions:

To establish a collective understanding, I provide key definitions.

My definition of consciousness: The “official” definition of consciousness according to the Oxford Dictionary defines consciousness as “the state of being aware of something. “

However, I define Consciousness as a baseline state of all matter/energy of the universe. The universe and consciousness are synonymous with each other. Consciousness is a process of energetic means – through the process of consciousness – awareness can come about.

My definition of awareness: The Oxford Dictionary defines “being aware” as “existing while knowing or realizing something”  I view Awareness as the state in which we become known that we are conscious. It is variable and can slide in variations and degrees. You can raise your awareness through meditation, therapy, etc. Awareness is the brain assembling information about its current and past states. It is an information schema that allows the rest of the brain to be aware of what the whole brain is contemplating. It does not control what the brain does, but it can affect what the brain decides to do. By becoming aware of the processes of the external and internal processes; we can raise our awareness of our cognitive function or consciousness.

Organicism: Organicism refers to the idea that objects or entities share an important property or quality in common with a living or animate being. It is related to, although remains distinct from, holism, in the sense that organicist doctrines tend to uphold the view that the living creature is an integrated whole precisely containing the range and number of parts necessary for the maintenance of its existence and for its flourishing. Hence, organicism is closely aligned with the concept of “organic unity.”

Holism: the theory that parts of a whole are in intimate interconnection, such that they cannot exist independently of the whole, or cannot be understood without reference to the whole, which is thus regarded as greater than the sum of its parts. Holism is often applied to mental states, language, and ecology.

Vitalism: Vitalism attempts (in opposition to mechanism and organicism) to explain the nature of life as resulting from a vital force peculiar to living organisms and different from all other forces found outside living things. This force is held to control form and development and to direct the activities of the organism. Vitalism has lost prestige as the chemical and physical nature of increasingly vital phenomena has been shown.

Intentionality: Philosophers have often explained what they mean by “intentionality” is this: it is that aspect of mental states or events that consists in their being of or about things, as pertains to the questions, “What are you thinking of?” and “What are you thinking about?” Intentionality is the aboutness or directedness or reference of mind (or states of mind) to things, objects, states of affairs, and events. (Jacob, 2023)

Ecocentric consciousness: or ecocentered consciousness, refers to a worldview and mindset that places a central focus on the well-being of the entire ecological system rather than prioritizing individual or human interests. It represents a shift from anthropocentrism or egocentrism, which views humans as the center of value and importance, toward an understanding that recognizes the interconnectedness and interdependence of all living beings and the environment.

This definition introduces the concept of ecocentric consciousness. This paper hopes to emphasize its holistic perspective, interconnectedness, and long-term sustainability priorities. Biodiversity, ethical considerations, stewardship, and systems thinking are key features of this mindset. Cultural and spiritual dimensions intertwine with ecocentric consciousness, perceiving nature as sacred. The development of ecocentric consciousness is proposed as a crucial step in addressing global environmental challenges.

Key features of ecocentric consciousness include:

1. Holistic Perspective: Ecocentric consciousness considers ecosystems as holistic entities, where every component, from individual species to entire ecosystems, plays a crucial role. It recognizes that the health of the planet is interconnected with the health of its various ecosystems.
2. Interconnectedness: This mindset emphasizes the interconnectedness of all living things. It acknowledges that actions in one part of the world or within a specific ecosystem can have far-reaching consequences on other ecosystems and species. The well-being of humans is seen as intertwined with the well-being of the entire Earth system.
3. Long-term Sustainability: Ecocentric consciousness prioritizes the long-term sustainability of the planet over short-term gains. It recognizes the finite nature of resources and promotes practices that allow for the regeneration and balance of ecosystems rather than exploitation and depletion.
4. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health: Biodiversity is considered a fundamental aspect of a healthy planet. Ecocentric consciousness values the diversity of species and ecosystems, understanding that each contributes to the overall resilience and functionality of the Earth’s natural systems.
5. Ethical Considerations: Ethical considerations in an ecocentric worldview extend beyond human interests to include the rights and well-being of non-human entities, such as animals, plants, and ecosystems. This perspective challenges the traditional anthropocentric ethical framework and promotes a more inclusive ethic that values all life.
6. Stewardship and Responsibility: Individuals with an ecocentric consciousness see themselves as stewards of the Earth, responsible for caring for and protecting the environment. This involves making choices and lifestyle decisions that minimize harm to ecosystems and contribute to the overall health of the planet.
7. Systems Thinking: Ecocentric consciousness encourages a system thinking approach, where individuals and societies consider the broader impacts of their actions on the environment. This includes understanding the intricate relationships between different elements of ecosystems and recognizing the potential consequences of human activities.
8. Cultural and Spiritual Dimensions: For individuals, ecocentric consciousness is intertwined with cultural and spiritual beliefs that emphasize the sacredness of nature. This perspective sees nature as more than a resource for human use but as an entity deserving of respect and reverence.

Developing an ecocentric consciousness is crucial in addressing global environmental challenges, including loss of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation that stems from climate change. Ecocentric consciousness is a worldview that prioritizes the well-being of the entire ecological system over individual or human interests. It embraces a holistic perspective, recognizing the interconnectedness of all living things and prioritizing long-term sustainability.

This mindset values biodiversity, emphasizing ethical considerations beyond human interests, promoting stewardship of the Earth, and encouraging systems thinking. Ecocentric consciousness involves a cultural and spiritual dimension for people to view nature as sacred. Overall, ecocentric consciousness represents a shift towards a more sustainable, intentional, and harmonious relationship with the natural world.

Supporting Evidence & Exposition:

The exploration unfolds in multifaceted dimensions — psychological, spiritual, physical, mental, ethical, and environmental implications of consciousness, intentionality, Chalmers’ extended mind theory, and the infinite substance. The adage “As Above, So Below” serves as a gateway into the interconnected web, where quantum mechanics, intentionality, and Chalmers’ theory play pivotal roles in shaping conscious reality. The study delves into the transformative power of intentionality (Jacob, 2023) (Searle.) (Turner, 2022) and the extended mind (Chalmers A. C., 1998), illuminating their ripple effects from micro to macro experiences. Simultaneously, the examination of Spinoza’s infinite substance gains momentum, emphasizing the interchangeability of substance with mass and energy. Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence and the cyclical nature of substance further strengthen this assertion. (1st Law of Thermodynamics, 2020) (Fern Flores, 2019) The journey into the intricate tapestry of consciousness, environment, intentionality, and the infinite substance unfolds through various layers, each reinforcing the interconnected nature of these elements.

Quantum Mechanics and Intentionality:

Quantum mechanics does not inherently imply a hierarchy of consciousness. It deals primarily with the behavior of particles, and the notion of consciousness is typically not addressed within the framework of quantum theory. Quantum mechanics introduces indeterminacy at the microscopic level. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle suggests that certain pairs of properties (e.g., position and momentum) cannot be simultaneously known with precision. The behavior of particles at the quantum level is probabilistic, introducing an element of chance. Quantum mechanics allows for direct interactions between particles. Quantum entanglement, for instance, implies that the state of one particle can be correlated with the state of another, even if they are separated by large distances. Quantum mechanics deals with the behavior of physical entities such as electrons, photons, and atoms. While introducing abstract mathematical descriptions, the entities involved are part of the physical world, and their properties can be observed and measured. (Shankar)
Intentionality, in the context of the philosophy of mind, refers to the property of mental states that involves being about something or representing something. It is the directedness or “aboutness” of mental states. For example, when you have a thought about a cat, the intentionality of that thought is directed toward the concept or representation of a cat. On the other hand, the quantum realm refers to the domain of physics that deals with phenomena at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles, governed by the principles of quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is an extraordinarily successful and experimentally verified theory that describes the behavior of particles on exceedingly small scales. (Shankar)

The connection between intentionality and the quantum realm is not straightforward, and traditionally, discussions about consciousness and intentionality have been more rooted in classical physics and neuroscience. Quantum mechanics operates at a scale significantly smaller than the structures of the brain that are typically associated with mental states and intentionality.

However, certain speculative ideas have been proposed at the intersection of quantum mechanics and consciousness. (Capra.) For example, there are theories suggesting that quantum processes in the brain may play a role in the emergence of consciousness or the processing of information in a way that classical physics alone cannot explain. (Bohm, 1980) These ideas are often met with skepticism within the scientific community, as the brain’s biological processes are complex and not yet fully understood, and there is currently no consensus on the relevance of quantum mechanics to consciousness.

It is essential to distinguish between well-established scientific theories and more speculative or philosophical ideas when considering the relationship between intentionality and the quantum realm. While quantum mechanics is a robust and extensively tested theory in the realm of physics, its direct implications for consciousness and intentionality are areas of ongoing exploration and debate.

I mention this as it is directly important to understand this is a philosophical approach to considering the relationship between intentionality and the quantum realm, based on personal experience.

It takes certain instances of perspective to realize that at the intersection of quantum mechanics and intentionality lies the transformative power of awareness. The adage “As Above, So Below” finds resonance in the quantum realm, where the observer effect underscores the role of consciousness in shaping reality. Intentionality, the directedness of the mind to objects and states of affairs, becomes a catalyst for conscious creation. Through increased awareness, individuals can intentionally alter their experiences, aligning with the profound implications of “As Above, So Below.”

The statement “As Above, So Below” is often associated with the concept of microcosm and macrocosm, suggesting a connection between distinct levels of reality. It implies that there is a correspondence or similarity between the smaller and larger scales of existence. (captionsboy, n.d.) With some understanding of the background of these topics let us compare intentionality, the quantum realm, and the statement “as above, so below” in the context of their respective domains:

The domain of intentionality is in the field of Philosophy of mind, regarding the Directedness or aboutness of mental states. Mental states can represent or be about objects and states of affairs. The relevance of this research pertains to the nature of consciousness and the relationship between the mind and external reality. (Jacob, 2023)

The domain of the quantum realm is in the field of Physics, specifically quantum mechanics. Describing the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic scale. Features include wave-particle duality, superposition, and entanglement. I researched this topic as it addresses the fundamental nature of physical reality at the quantum level, challenging classical intuitions and providing a framework for understanding microscopic phenomena. (Shankar)

“As Above, So Below” remains in the Domain of Metaphysics and ancient philosophical traditions. It implies a correspondence or similarity between distinct levels or scales of reality. The idea is that patterns or principles in one domain reflect or parallel those in another. My research suggests a holistic perspective, where there is a connection between the microcosm and macrocosm, implying a unified or reflective nature in different scales of existence. (translated by Copenhaver)

While these concepts come from distinct domains, there is a common thread of connection in the idea of interconnectedness and relationships between distinct levels or scales. Intentionality involves the relationship between mental states and external objects, the quantum realm explores the fundamental nature of reality at the smallest scales, and “as above, so below” suggests a reflective connection between distinct levels of existence. Both intentionality and the idea of “as above, so below” carry holistic implications. Intentionality suggests that mental states should be understood in the context of the whole mind, and the statement “as above, so below” implies a holistic perspective that transcends isolated domains. The quantum realm challenges classical intuitions about the nature of reality, similarly to how intentionality challenges more reductionist views of consciousness. Both domains introduce complexities that go beyond simple, linear, cause-and-effect models. “As above, so below” suggests the emergence of similar patterns or principles across different scales. In quantum mechanics, there are emergent phenomena that manifest differently at the quantum scale compared to classical scales.

While these comparisons highlight certain conceptual parallels, it is important to note that these concepts belong to different disciplines and should be understood within the context of their respective frameworks. The connections drawn are more about exploring common themes of interconnectedness and holistic perspectives. The common themes of interconnectedness and holistic perspectives in the ideas of intentionality, the quantum realm, and the statement “as above, so below” are rooted in the recognition that systems are not isolated entities but are inherently linked and that understanding the whole is essential for a comprehensive grasp of reality.

In intentionality, mental states are not seen as isolated events but are directed towards external objects or states. The content and meaning of mental states depend on their relationships with the broader context of experiences and external reality. Understanding consciousness requires looking at the entire mind rather than isolating individual mental states. Holistic perspectives in the philosophy of mind emphasize that mental phenomena emerge from the complex interactions within the entire cognitive system.

Quantum mechanics challenges classical notions of separateness by introducing phenomena like entanglement, where particles become correlated in ways that cannot be explained by local interactions. Quantum systems exhibit a degree of interconnectedness that transcends classical boundaries. Quantum systems are often better understood by considering them as a whole, rather than as collections of individual particles. The behavior of a quantum system is influenced by its entirety, and the concept of wave functions emphasizes the importance of understanding the system holistically.

The statement “as above, so below” implies a correspondence or reflection between distinct levels of reality. It suggests that patterns or principles in one domain are mirrored in another, emphasizing a deep connection between microcosm and macrocosm. The idea of “as above, so below” encourages a holistic view of reality. Instead of compartmentalizing distinct levels of existence, it invites a recognition that there is an underlying unity or coherence across scales, encouraging a holistic understanding of the cosmos.

All three concepts highlight the idea that understanding the whole is crucial. In intentionality, it is the entire mind that gives meaning to mental states. In quantum mechanics, systems are best understood holistically. “As above, so below” suggests a unity across different scales. These ideas challenge reductionist perspectives that seek to explain complex phenomena by breaking them down into simpler parts. Instead, they emphasize that the properties and behaviors of systems cannot be fully understood by analyzing isolated components. The interconnectedness and holistic perspectives often lead to the emergence of properties or phenomena that are not apparent at lower levels. Mental phenomena, quantum entanglement, and the correspondence between different scales exemplify emergent properties that arise from the interactions of elements in the system.

In summary, the common themes of interconnectedness and holistic perspectives in these ideas underscore the importance of viewing reality as interconnected wholes, where the understanding of the whole is more than the sum of its parts. These perspectives encourage a shift from reductionist views toward recognizing the complexity and unity inherent in various domains of philosophy, physics, and metaphysics.

Spinoza’s Infinite Substance and Conservation Laws:

This section of the paper delves into Spinoza’s assertion that every substance is necessarily infinite. Aligning this with the laws of conservation in physics, particularly the Law of Conservation of Energy and the Law of Conservation of Mass, amplifies the understanding of the eternal recreation of substance. Energy and mass interchangeably manifest in different forms, perpetually renewing the infinite substance. Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²) provides a scientific lens through which Spinoza’s divine philosophy converges with contemporary physics. In Spinoza’s Ethics concerning God. Spinoza says every substance is necessarily infinite.¹ He goes on to state that God, or a substance that consists of infinite attributes, expresses an eternal and infinite essence, that necessarily exists. (Spinoza, 1677) With my understanding of physics, I agree due to the law of conservation, substance is infinite. (1st Law of Thermodynamics, 2020) If Physics and Chemistry create the backbone of our understanding of the universe. Then the God Spinoza may speak of, necessarily exists. (Spinoza, 1677) Through this section, I try to help people understand Spinoza’s version of God, through my understanding of the God I found through Physics. Explaining how every substance is interchangeable for mass and energy. Therefore, infinitely recreated but never destroyed. (Fern Flores, 2019)

Supporting Evidence & Exposition: This idea is that every substance that Spinoza says is necessarily infinite. What does this mean? I will do my best to explain from my perspective and understanding. Translating how I comprehended Spinoza’s infinite substance. My first thought considers the first law of thermodynamics, meaning that the energy of the universe is constant. This law is also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy. (1st Law of Thermodynamics, 2020) This law is interchangeable with the law of conservation of matter, also known as the principle of matter conservation which states that the mass of an object or collection of objects never changes over time, no matter how these parts rearrange themselves. In Chemistry, this is sometimes known as the law of conservation of mass, which states during any physical or chemical change, the matter is neither created nor destroyed. However, it may change from one form to another.

Spinoza goes on to state that God, or a substance that consists of infinite attributes, expresses an eternal and infinite essence, that necessarily exists. (Spinoza, 1677) We can find this if we look at Spinoza’s argument in the third proof of proposition eleven. The ability to exist is power, but to be able to not exist is a weakness. He tries to explain that nothing, but finite entities compared to an infinity entity existing is absurd. We are explaining that nothing exists without an absolute infinite Entity that necessarily exists too. (Spinoza, 1677) Concluding that God necessarily exists. As God is this eternal infinite substance, and we are finite parts of this infinite substance. His argument here is that the power needed for something of that absolute Entity to exist overpowers the need for finite things to exist, and if finite things exist, quite necessarily this infinite power they arrive from must exist. (Spinoza, 1677) If we have proven in Physics that all matter is interchangeably infinite, then we may conclude that this infinite substance necessarily exists.

Looking into the early 20th century, Einstein figured out that mass is a form of energy (calling this knowledge mass-energy equivalence). The amount of mass relates to the amount of energy, as determined by the most famous formula in physics: E=mc². (Fern Flores, 2019) Energy is equivalent to mass times the cyclization of the speed of light. Einstein showed that if we try to destroy matter it converts to energy, and that if we attempt to destroy energy it will convert to mass. We are explaining how every substance is a matter that is interchangeable in mass and energy. (Fern Flores, 2019) This is why the terminology varies but the method is the same throughout the different areas of study. Therefore, infinitely recreated through the conversion of the substance into alternative forms, but never destroyed. This helps further explain this infinite substance, it is indestructible and is ever-changing and converted into other forms. Forms that we can explain but may have difficulty comprehending. 

Objections: Someone might object to me by saying this does not cover what he means by necessarily infinite. What I have covered is that this idea of substance is infinite. I have even covered the idea that Spinoza’s God may necessarily exist. That this God differs from the typical ideas of God but would explain how societies across the world have attributed similar ideologies to the all-mover cause. Or infinite substance who through all things exists. However, this word necessarily puts a stunt on the understanding of the infinite. This is because we cannot understand what we cannot fully comprehend, and as finite beings, we will never understand the infinite completely. We must understand how this word necessarily correlates to the understanding of the infinite. If that is something, we can even understand. We must also look at the definition of infinite in the 1600s, to see what Spinoza meant by necessarily infinite.

My Reply to Objections: Let us first look at the definition of necessarily. Necessarily means inevitable, unavoidable, and as a matter of compulsion or requirement. If we look towards mathematics and logic, necessity is used to describe a conditional relationship between two statements. For example, in the conditional statement: If alphabetically it is A, then B, B is necessary for A because the truth of B is inevitable by the truth of A.

Next, let us look at the concept and definition of infinity during the 1600’s. In the late 1600s, Sir Isaac Newton, in his quest to understand the issue of infinitely small numbers, led to the discovery of calculus. Infinity is the concept of something unlimited, endless, without bound. In 1655, John Wallis invented the symbol for infinity, ∞. Three common definitions relate infinite to having no boundaries or limits. That the infinite is impossible to measure or calculate. That the infinite exists beyond any arbitrarily large value.

Suppose we look again towards Spinoza’s argument in the third proof of proposition eleven. The ability to exist is power, but to be able to not exist is a weakness. He tries to explain that nothing, but finite entities compared to an infinity entity existing is absurd. (Spinoza, 1677) Explaining that nothing exists without an absolute Entity that necessarily exists too. I am concluding that God necessarily exists as the infinite. (Spinoza, 1677) This explains that finite beings cannot exist without the infinite. I use this argument as well as his argument in proposition fourteen, and the concepts of the two definitions above to construct how I believe Spinoza might reply.

The substance is necessarily infinite (Spinoza, 1677) because parts of the substance itself are finite, however, there cannot be no conception of this substance without God, because God is this substance. (Spinoza, 1677) To translate in ways I understand, if every substance is God, because there is no other substance but God. God is everything, and we are a finite part of God. This means every substance is infinite, as it changes through the infinite creation and cyclization of God. Substance is only necessarily infinite because even though it exists infinitely through the Law of Conservation. (1st Law of Thermodynamics, 2020) It can only exist for a finite time as the substance, form, or construct that it is currently. Before it converts into another energetic form. I would reply that necessarily covers the fact that we only have ideas of the essence of the forms they convert to. When I say forms here, think of the things we cannot comprehend. I mean something like the quantum realm, sacred geometry, and the cyclization of energetic matter, that we have not mapped out yet. If God is everything and everything is in motion, then that means everything comes from the reaction and movement of God. Or if you would like we could say that everything that happens comes from the reaction of an infinite substance. All matter, whether in mass or energy form, moves by this substance, even for a finite time, before it converts to another energetic transformation. Therefore, it is necessarily infinite. Your life as this material form is finite, but you are infinite. As you are a part of this infinite substance Spinoza called God and that makes you necessarily infinite.

Quite possibly this leads to another problem, which I try to explore by myself, using Spinoza’s ethical system. (Spinoza, 1677) What part of you is necessarily infinite? I could superstitiously attribute infinity to the soul, but confuse the soul for the mind, or the mind for the soul. Mind I attribute more to the brain, as the mind and soul are separate. We have not even proven if energetically a soul exists. We know the soul or mind does not exist materially, but with knowledge, skills, and evaluating it is quite probable that there is an existence of an energetic soul. Few people have evaluated this theory, Carl Jung speaks of this, and it is something I like to think about. What part of the human is infinite? This can also lead to other problems, such as, if everything is God, or this infinite substance, then we have quite literally caused chaos. Animals and the ecosystems that house these animals are also the infinite substance of God. Quite necessarily they are this finite part of the infinite, yet we treat them as if they are beneath the human being. When we are all parts of this infinite substance, this leads to ethical problems in my mind. It could be the rationality of the mind along with the body that energetically creates the soul. But this is just a thought and I return to this idea of the necessarily infinite. I do believe he uses this word as only certain individuals may comprehend his work. As well as stating that God or this infinite substance cannot simply exist as a finite thing.

For example, without Physics, I would have had a challenging time understanding what he meant in his Ethics. However, going from a very dogmatic Christian background to atheist, to satanist, to atheist, to a spiritual Omnist after learning physics has its benefits. Especially when it comes to understanding that God or this infinite substance is all omnipresent truth. Then all Gods, Goddesses, and the like are necessarily true. They are part of the infinite substance, which is God, and created by finite beings who are trying to understand an infinite idea that we can only comprehend by the things we know. Using our perceptions of what we know to explain the unknowable because it is infinitely everything at once.

This also leads to concepts that reading Spinoza led me to think of. If everything is pre-determined by the infinite, then every decision and choice has a pre-determined outcome, and this goes on for infinity. This led me to believe that man often gets confused that he has free will, due to the fact every choice has a pre-determined outcome, but we can ‘will’ our choices even though the song of the infinite is played out to infinity because we are part of this infinite substance. This could also lead to the idea of the multi-verse, where because we are infinity, there are infinite paths, and you are only currently conscious of this one path due to the conscious decision to have made the choices that led you to be aware of this outcome. Therefore, using the ideas and concepts covered before spiraling into a tangent thought. Spinoza uses the terminology of necessarily infinite to explain that we can only understand parts of the infinite, as while we are infinite, we live in this physicality as finite beings. That only has a finite understanding because we are only in this form for a finite time. We will never exist for infinity in a way where we can understand infinity. This is one instance where I understand that everything is a process, and everything has the potential to be aware of the process that is occurring in everything. This ending belief comes from panpsychism; the view that everything in the universe is conscious. (Goff, 2022) (Chalmers D. , Panpsychism and Panprotopsychism, 2013) (Chalmers D. , The Combination Problem for Panpsychism, 2016) The nature of the infinite is my understanding and baseline information for consciousness which is experience. The experience idea is rooted in Chalmers’ Extended Mind Theory. (Chalmers A. C., 1998)

Chalmers’ Extended Mind Theory and Integration:

This section hopes to integrate the view of consciousness (Chalmers D. , The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory, 1997) using Chalmers’ extended mind theory. The synthesis of Chalmers’ theory with Spinoza’s divine philosophy accentuates the symbiotic relationship between consciousness and the external world. Integrating Chalmers’ theory of the extended mind, we explore how consciousness (Chalmers D. , The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory, 1997) extends beyond the confines of the brain, encompassing external objects and tools. (Chalmers A. C., 1998) David Chalmers’ theory of the extended mind is prominently discussed in his paper titled “The Extended Mind,” co-authored with Andy Clark. The paper was first published in 1998 in the journal Analysis. (Clark, 1998) In this work, Chalmers and Clark present their argument for the extended mind hypothesis and provide examples and philosophical analysis to support their claims. David Chalmers’ theory of the extended mind challenges traditional views of consciousness by proposing that cognitive processes and aspects of the mind can extend beyond the boundaries of the brain, incorporating external objects and tools into the cognitive system. (Chalmers A. C., 1998) This perspective suggests that consciousness (Chalmers D. , The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory, 1997) is not solely a product of neural activity but can also be distributed across external artifacts. (Chalmers A. C., 1998) In “The Extended Mind” Chalmers introduces the concept of “active externalism” to describe situations where external objects or tools are integrated into cognitive processes in such a way that they become constitutive parts of the mind. For example, if a person regularly relies on a notebook or phone to store information that would traditionally be held in memory, then the notebook or phone effectively becomes an extension of their cognitive system. (Chalmers A. C., 1998)

This idea aligns with Spinoza’s philosophy, particularly his notion of interconnectedness. Baruch Spinoza, a 17th-century philosopher, argued that everything in the universe is interconnected and follows a deterministically structured system. For Spinoza, there is a fundamental unity to all things, and individual entities are just finite expressions of this underlying unity. (Spinoza, 1677) When we apply Spinoza’s interconnectedness to Chalmers’ extended mind theory, we see a parallel in the idea that the mind is not confined to the boundaries of the skull but extends into the external environment. (Chalmers A. C., 1998) Just as Spinoza sees all things as interconnected expressions of a unified reality (Spinoza, 1677), Chalmers sees the mind as extending and interacting with the external world. (Chalmers A. C., 1998) In this integrated perspective, the mind is not a self-contained entity but is constantly interacting with and being shaped by the external environment. External tools and objects become integral to cognitive processes, and the mind, in a sense, reaches beyond the individual to encompass the tools it employs. (Chalmers A. C., 1998) This alignment suggests a dynamic relationship between the mind and the external world, where both shape and influence each other in a continuous feedback loop. (Clark, 1998) In summary, Chalmers’ theory of the extended mind challenges the traditional understanding of consciousness (Chalmers D. , The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory, 1997) by incorporating external tools into cognitive processes. (Chalmers A. C., 1998) This perspective aligns with Spinoza’s interconnectedness, emphasizing that the mind is not confined but extends into the external environment, with both influencing and being influenced by one another in a unified, interconnected .

Holistic Sustainability and a Call to Action:

The call to embrace holistic sustainability resonates not only as an ethical imperative but as an urgent summons to recalibrate our relationship with the environment, consciousness, and the infinite substance. This section expands on the multifaceted dimensions of holistic sustainability, calling for transformative action and collective responsibility. It emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts across individuals, communities, and nations to institute changes in lifestyles, policies, and consumption patterns. The urgency of adopting an ecocentric consciousness is not only an ethical imperative but a commitment to preserving the rich tapestry of life on Earth. It urges humanity to recognize the interconnected dance between consciousness, environment, and the infinite substance, beckoning towards a harmonious and sustainable coexistence.

Cultural and Spiritual Dimensions: Beyond the pragmatic aspects, holistic sustainability encompasses cultural and spiritual dimensions. It beckons individuals to reconnect with nature on a profound level, recognizing the sacredness of the environment. Various cultural and spiritual traditions underscore the interconnectedness of all life, fostering a deep reverence for the natural world. Embracing these dimensions amplifies the motivation for sustainable practices, making it not just an ecological duty but a spiritual journey towards harmonizing with the infinite substance.

Education as a Catalyst: Holistic sustainability necessitates a paradigm shift in education. The call to action extends to educational institutions to incorporate ecological literacy and ethics into curricula. By fostering an understanding of interconnected systems, nurturing environmental stewardship, and instilling a sense of responsibility, education becomes a powerful catalyst for cultivating ecocentric consciousness. Empowered with knowledge, future generations can make informed choices that contribute to a sustainable and balanced relationship with the environment.

Policy Reforms for Ecocentric Governance: The call to action transcends individual efforts and reaches into the realm of governance. Policy reforms are imperative to institutionalize ecocentric principles in legislation and decision-making. Governments and institutions must prioritize sustainability, recognizing the finite nature of resources and the far-reaching consequences of environmental exploitation. The call extends to policymakers to champion ecocentric governance, fostering a global ethos that places the well-being of the planet at the forefront of political agendas.

Community Engagement and Grassroots Movements: The transformative journey towards holistic sustainability thrives on community engagement and grassroots movements. The call resonates with communities to come together, share knowledge, and collectively implement sustainable practices. Grassroots movements play a pivotal role in creating awareness, mobilizing resources, and influencing change at local levels. Through communal efforts, the call to action amplifies its impact, creating a ripple effect that extends far beyond individual endeavors.

Technological Innovation for Sustainable Solutions: In the contemporary landscape, technology has become a powerful ally in the pursuit of holistic sustainability. The call extends to innovators and technological pioneers to channel their creativity toward sustainable solutions. From renewable energy advancements to eco-friendly technologies, the transformative potential of technological innovation can significantly contribute to mitigating environmental challenges. The call to action resonates with a vision of technology harmonizing with nature, rather than exploiting it.

Consumer Consciousness and Ethical Choices: At the heart of holistic sustainability lies the consciousness of consumers and the choices they make. The call emphasizes the power of individual choices in influencing supply chains, production practices, and corporate policies. Conscious consumerism involves opting for sustainable products, supporting eco-friendly businesses, and advocating for ethical practices. This collective shift in consumer consciousness becomes a formidable force in steering industries towards ecocentric practices.

International Collaboration for Global Impact: The call to action extends across borders, urging nations to collaborate on a global scale. Environmental challenges are inherently interconnected, requiring unified efforts for meaningful impact. International collaborations on research, policies, and resource management become imperative. The call resonates with diplomatic circles to prioritize environmental concerns, fostering a shared responsibility toward the sustainable stewardship of the planet.

Organicism as a Guiding Principle: Intertwined with this call to action is the guiding principle of organicism. Organicism posits that entities share a vital property with living beings, forming integrated wholes necessary for their existence and flourishing. Holistic sustainability, viewed through the lens of organicism, recognizes the interconnectedness of ecological systems and emphasizes the importance of preserving the integrity of these wholes. It underscores the idea that the health of the whole is dependent on the well-being of its interconnected parts, echoing the essence of ecocentric consciousness. Holistic sustainability is not a singular endeavor, but a collective tapestry woven through cultural, educational, political, technological, and individual threads. The call to action invites diverse stakeholders to contribute their unique strengths, fostering a global movement towards a harmonious and sustainable coexistence with the infinite substance that encompasses us all. supporting evidence weaves together a rich narrative, intertwining philosophical, scientific, and ethical threads to illuminate the symbiotic relationship between consciousness, environment, intentionality, and the infinite substance.

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Ecocentric Imperative and Ethical Considerations: Amidst these philosophical explorations, there emerges a pressing need to transition from an egocentric to an ecocentric consciousness. The egocentric worldview places individual interests at the forefront, often disregarding the interconnected web of life. In contrast, an ecocentric consciousness places the well-being of the entire ecological system above individual or human interests. This shift prioritizes holistic perspectives, interconnectedness, and long-term sustainability over short-term gains. Transitioning from an egocentric to an ecocentric consciousness becomes imperative considering the ethical considerations inherent in the interconnected web of life. The holistic perspective of ecocentrism recognizes the intrinsic value of all living beings and ecosystems. It prioritizes long-term sustainability over short-term gains, fostering a sense of stewardship and responsibility for the well-being of the entire ecological system. (Rowe)

Implications of Human Behavior on the Environment: Human behavior, rooted in an egocentric worldview, has profound implications for the environment. Unsustainable consumption patterns, resource exploitation, and pollution contribute to ecological degradation. Exploring the ethical dimensions of human behavior, underscoring the urgency of adopting sustainable practices. I delve into the interconnectedness between individual actions and global environmental consequences, emphasizing the responsibility of each consciousness in shaping the collective impact on the infinite substance that is our planet. When we treat our planet like a garbage can, it becomes trash. If we treat it with care, it becomes our home.

Egocentrism in the context of environmental behavior reflects a self-centered or individualistic perspective. Individuals with egocentric tendencies may prioritize their personal interests, convenience, and immediate needs over environmental concerns. Egocentric behavior often leads to the over-exploitation of natural resources without considering the long-term consequences. This can result in environmental degradation, deforestation, overfishing, and depletion of non-renewable resources. An egocentric perspective may contribute to a consumer-driven lifestyle, where individuals prioritize the accumulation of material possessions and consumption without consideration for the environmental impact of production, transportation, and waste generation. (Rowe)

Ecocentrism, on the other hand, involves a more holistic and ecosystem-centered view. It recognizes the interconnectedness of all living organisms and the environment, emphasizing the importance of preserving ecosystems and biodiversity. Ecocentric behavior encourages sustainable practices that aim to meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This includes adopting renewable energy sources, sustainable agriculture, and responsible resource management. Ecocentric individuals may engage in environmental stewardship, actively participating in conservation efforts, habitat restoration, and promoting policies that protect the environment. They are likely to support initiatives that prioritize the well-being of the entire ecosystem. Ecocentrism often involves ethical considerations regarding the treatment of non-human entities. This perspective acknowledges the intrinsic value of nature beyond its utility to humans, recognizing the rights of other species and ecosystems to exist and flourish. (Rowe)

In summary, egocentric behavior tends to prioritize individual interests and immediate gratification, potentially leading to unsustainable practices and environmental degradation. In contrast, ecocentric behavior considers the broader ecological context, emphasizing sustainability, conservation, and ethical treatment of the environment. Balancing these perspectives is crucial for creating a harmonious relationship between humans and the natural world.

The Importance of Change for Future Generations: The profound importance of transitioning to an ecocentric consciousness extends beyond personal well-being and environmental sustainability. This shift becomes a moral obligation for the sake of future generations. The choices made today ripple through time, influencing the environmental legacy inherited by our descendants. Embracing an ecocentric mindset is an investment in the prosperity and well-being of those who will inherit the planet. It is an acknowledgment that the consequences of human behavior today have far-reaching implications for the world our children and grandchildren will inherit.

Objections:

Potential objections may arise regarding the feasibility and necessity of transitioning to an ecocentric consciousness, as well as concerns about the perceived trade-offs between individual well-being and environmental sustainability. Most objections would come from those with dead-set principles based on egocentrism. Some other questions that may come from popular objections are: What about those who argue that these concepts are too abstract to be practically applied in daily life? Have you considered those who believe that consciousness is solely a product of the brain and cannot exist beyond it? How would you address those who claim that Spinoza’s Ethics is outdated and irrelevant in modern philosophy?

My Reply to Objections:

I address objections by emphasizing that the interconnectedness of consciousness, the extended mind, and the infinite substance necessitate a broader perspective. The transformative power of intentionality and increased awareness extends beyond personal boundaries to encompass a collective responsibility toward the environment. The paper highlights that the transition to an ecocentric consciousness is not merely a sacrifice but an investment in a harmonious and sustainable future for both individuals and the planet, ensuring the well-being and legacy of future generations. To those who argue that these concepts are too abstract to be practically applied in daily life. I would state that it is through the expansion of our knowledge and critical thinking that brings forth growth. While these topics may be abstract the necessity to make these changes is one of survival. If I am to be crass, our world is in dire need of help; we as humanity are in dire need of help. There is not solely one answer that leads to a better way, yet we cannot find the path to go down without looking at things as they are. I have considered those who believe that consciousness is solely a product of the brain and cannot exist beyond it. I used to be one who believed in this idea, years ago, however, I began to look at why I believed in that concept. I could not find an answer on my own about why and that led me to do research, which completely changed my understanding of what consciousness may be. To address those who claim that Spinoza’s Ethics is outdated and irrelevant in modern philosophy. I would state that both ancient and modern philosophy have themes of the infinite and themes of forms. There are themes and ideas of God, but as Philosophy became Science, we lost a path to potentially ask fundamental questions and gather collective understanding. This abrasiveness to apply STEM to the physical world led me to switch from STEM to Philosophy.

Conclusion:

In embarking on the next chapter of my academic pursuit of the Master’s in Divinity, this paper serves as a profound reflection on personal beliefs, navigating the symbiotic realms of consciousness, environment, intentionality, Chalmers’ extended mind, and the infinite substance. By delving into the philosophical foundations of consciousness and its intricate relationship with the environment, the study seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of our interconnected existence. Illuminating the psychological, spiritual, ethical, and environmental implications of consciousness, it underscores the transformative potential of increased awareness, intentionality, and an extended mind.

Simultaneously, this exploration aligns Spinoza’s divine philosophy with the laws of conservation in physics, portraying the infinite substance as eternally recreated. The imperative shift from an egocentric to an ecocentric consciousness emerges not only as a moral and spiritual calling but as an environmental necessity. This shift fosters a harmonious symphony that binds consciousness, environment, intentionality, and the infinite substance in an intricate dance of existence. The call for an ecocentric consciousness emphasizes the urgency of moving towards harmonious, intentional, and sustainable relationships with the natural world.

In urging a collective awakening to the interconnected web of consciousness that binds us to the environment, this paper invites readers to contemplate the profound implications of the age-old adage. It encourages humanity to embrace intentional practices for the prosperity of future generations and the well-being of the planet. The study thus calls for a holistic and integrated approach to understanding and cultivating a consciousness that recognizes and respects our interdependence, fostering a harmonious coexistence with the environment for the benefit of all.

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